BigInteger、BigDecimal详解

Java对BigInteger、BigDecimal两个类功能一直再做扩展与改进。主要原因是这两个数据类型很重要,在高精度的计算中全靠这两个数据类型了。BigInteger和BigDecimal分别表示任意精度的整数与浮点数。

一、java.math.BigInteger

不可变的任意精度的整数。 此类的用法比较简单些,也不存在舍入等操作。

		package lavasoft; 
		import java.math.BigInteger; 
		import java.util.Random; 
		
		/** 
		* 测试BigInteger 
		* 
		* @author leizhimin 2009-11-17 12:49:41 
		*/ 
		public class TestBigInteger { 
		        public static void main(String[] args) { 
		                System.out.println("-------------------构造BigInteger---------------------"); 
		                //通过byte数组来创建BigInteger 
		                BigInteger bi1 = new BigInteger(new byte[]{1, 1}); 
		                System.out.println("bi1=" + bi1.toString()); 
		                //创建带符号的BigInteger 
		                BigInteger bi2 = new BigInteger(-1, new byte[]{1, 1}); 
		                System.out.println("bi2=" + bi2.toString()); 
		                //创建带符号的BigInteger随机数 
		                BigInteger bi3 = new BigInteger(128, 20, new Random()); 
		                System.out.println("bi3=" + bi3.toString()); 
		                //通过10进制字符串创建带符号的BigInteger 
		                BigInteger bi4 = new BigInteger("12342342342342123423423412341"); 
		                System.out.println("bi4=" + bi4.toString()); 
		                //通过10进制字符串创建带符号的BigInteger 
		                BigInteger bi5 = new BigInteger("88888888888888888888888888888", Character.digit('a', 33)); 
		                System.out.println("bi5=" + bi5.toString()); 
		                System.out.println("BigInteger的常量:"); 
		                System.out.println("BigInteger.ZERO=" + BigInteger.ZERO); 
		                System.out.println("BigInteger.ONE=" + BigInteger.ONE); 
		                System.out.println("BigInteger.TEN=" + BigInteger.TEN); 
		
		                System.out.println("-------------------使用BigInteger---------------------"); 
		                System.out.println("bi1的相反数=" + bi1.negate()); 
		                System.out.println("bi1的相反数=" + bi1.negate()); 
		                System.out.println("bi1+bi2=" + bi1.add(bi2)); 
		                System.out.println("bi1-bi2=" + bi1.subtract(bi2)); 
		                System.out.println("bi1*bi2=" + bi1.multiply(bi2)); 
		                System.out.println("bi1/bi2=" + bi1.divide(bi2)); 
		                System.out.println("bi1的10次方=" + bi1.pow(10)); 
		                System.out.println("bi1的10次方=" + bi1.pow(1)); 
		                BigInteger[] bx = bi4.divideAndRemainder(bi1); 
		                System.out.println(">>>:bx[0]=" + bx[0] + ",bx[1]=" + bx[1]); 
		                System.out.println("bi2的绝对值=" + bi2.abs()); 
		        } 
		}
		
		运行结果:
		-------------------构造BigInteger--------------------- 
		bi1=257 
		bi2=-257 
		bi3=175952079487573456985958549621373190227 
		bi4=12342342342342123423423412341 
		bi5=88888888888888888888888888888 
		BigInteger的常量: 
		BigInteger.ZERO=0 
		BigInteger.ONE=1 
		BigInteger.TEN=10 
		-------------------使用BigInteger--------------------- 
		bi1的相反数=-257 
		bi1的相反数=-257 
		bi1+bi2=0 
		bi1-bi2=514 
		bi1*bi2=-66049 
		bi1/bi2=-1 
		bi1的10次方=1256988294225653106805249 
		bi1的10次方=257 
		>>>:bx[0]=48024678374872075577523005,bx[1]=56 
		bi2的绝对值=257 
		
		Process finished with exit code 0

二、java.math.BigDecimal

不可变的、任意精度的有符号十进制数。与之相关的还有两个类:

java.math.MathContext:
该对象是封装上下文设置的不可变对象,它描述数字运算符的某些规则,如数据的精度,舍入方式等。
java.math.RoundingMode:这是一种枚举类型,定义了很多常用的数据舍入方式。
这个类用起来还是很比较复杂的,原因在于舍入模式,数据运算规则太多太多,不是数学专业出身的人看着中文API都难以理解,这些规则在实际中使用的时候在翻阅都来得及。

		package lavasoft; 
		import java.math.BigDecimal; 
		import java.math.MathContext; 
		import java.math.RoundingMode; 
		
		/** 
		* 测试BigDecimal 
		* 
		* @author leizhimin 2009-11-17 12:50:03 
		*/ 
		public class TestBigDecimal { 
		
		        public static void main(String[] args) { 
		                System.out.println("------------构造BigDecimal-------------"); 
		                //从char[]数组来创建BigDecimal 
		                BigDecimal bd1 = new BigDecimal("123456789.123456888".toCharArray(), 4, 12); 
		                System.out.println("bd1=" + bd1); 
		                //从char[]数组来创建BigDecimal 
		                BigDecimal bd2 = new BigDecimal("123456789.123456111133333213".toCharArray(), 4, 18, MathContext.DECIMAL128); 
		                System.out.println("bd2=" + bd2); 
		                //从字符串创建BigDecimal 
		                BigDecimal bd3 = new BigDecimal("123456789.123456111133333213"); 
		                System.out.println("bd3=" + bd3); 
		                //从字符串创建BigDecimal,3是有效数字个数 
		                BigDecimal bd4 = new BigDecimal("88.456", new MathContext(3, RoundingMode.UP)); 
		                System.out.println("bd4=" + bd4); 
		                System.out.println("------------使用BigDecimal-------------"); 
		                System.out.println("bd1+bd2=" + bd1.add(bd2)); 
		                System.out.println("bd1+bd2=" + bd1.add(bd2, new MathContext(24, RoundingMode.UP))); 
		                System.out.println("bd1-bd2=" + bd1.subtract(bd2).toPlainString()); 
		                System.out.println("bd1-bd2=" + bd1.subtract(bd2, new MathContext(24, RoundingMode.UP)).toPlainString()); 
		                System.out.println("bd1*bd2=" + bd1.multiply(bd2)); 
		                System.out.println("bd1*bd2=" + bd1.multiply(bd2, new MathContext(24, RoundingMode.UP))); 
		                System.out.println("bd1/bd4=" + bd1.divideToIntegralValue(bd4)); 
		                System.out.println("bd1/bd4=" + bd1.divideToIntegralValue(bd4, new MathContext(24, RoundingMode.UP))); 
		                System.out.println("bd1末位数据精度=" + bd1.ulp()); 
		                System.out.println("bd2末位数据精度=" + bd2.ulp()); 
		                System.out.println("bd2末位数据精度=" + bd2.ulp().toPlainString()); 
		                System.out.println("bd1符号:" + bd1.signum()); 
		                System.out.println("bd4的标度:" + bd4.scale()); 
		        } 
		}
		
		运行结果:
		------------构造BigDecimal------------- 
		bd1=56789.123456 
		bd2=56789.123456111133 
		bd3=123456789.123456111133333213 
		bd4=88.5 
		------------使用BigDecimal------------- 
		bd1+bd2=113578.246912111133 
		bd1+bd2=113578.246912111133 
		bd1-bd2=-0.000000111133 
		bd1-bd2=-0.000000111133 
		bd1*bd2=3225004542.907120529593035648 
		bd1*bd2=3225004542.90712052959304 
		bd1/bd4=641.00000 
		bd1/bd4=641.00000 
		bd1末位数据精度=0.000001 
		bd2末位数据精度=1E-12 
		bd2末位数据精度=0.000000000001 
		bd1符号:1 
		bd4的标度:1 
		
		Process finished with exit code 0